Mount Bromo is located in the middle of a vast plain called sand sea (Indonesian: Lautan Pasir), a protected nature reserve since 1919. The typical way of visiting Mount Bromo is from the nearby mountain of Cemoro Lawang village. From there it is possible to walk to the volcano in 45 minutes, but it is also possible to take a tour of organized jeep, which includes a stop at the point of view on the Monte Penanjakan (2,270 m) (Indonesian: Gunung Penanjakan). The best views of Mount Bromo to the sea of sand and the surrounding volcanoes are then at dawn. The point of view on the Monte Penanjakan can also be reached on foot in about two hours. From the inside of the caldera, sulfur is collected by workers.
Bromo tengger semeru National Park
The Park is named after its two mountains, Mount Semeru (the highest Java 3,676 meters), mount (the most popular) Bromo and Tengger people living in the area.
Mount Semeru also known as Mahameru ("great mountain"), is one of the most active volcanoes of Indonesia. Most highlighting this mountain is the fact that it erupts periodically (and very reliable as well). Every 20 minutes or less, the volcano belches to a huge cloud of steam and smoke, sometimes mixed with ash and rocks. Climb Mount Semeru requires planning and a permit from the authority of the National Park. The mountain is often closed due to its highly active nature.
Mount Bromo (2,329 m) is easily recognized as the top all booted and the crater inside constantly sulphurous white belches of smoke. It lies within the massive Tengger caldera (about 10 km in diameter), surrounded by the Laut Pasir (sea of sand) of fine sand volcanic. The overall effect is complex supernatural, especially when compared with the lush valleys green around the caldera.
The main access point is cemoro lawang (also Cemara Lawang or Cemora Lawang - blame the East Javanese accent!) on the northeastern edge of the caldera, but there are also trails of Tosari (to the Northwest) and Ngadas (southwest). The village of Ngadisari, Probolinggo Road about 5.5 km before Cemoro Lawang, marks the entrance to the Park. Cemoro Lawang and Ngadisari are quite scenic, with brightly painted houses and beds of flowers outside.
The area in and around the Park is inhabited by the Tenggerese, one of the few significant Hindu communities left on the island of Java. Local religion is a remnant of the Majapahit era and therefore, quite similar to the Bali, but with more animistic elements. The Tenggerese is believed that they are descendants of the prices of Majapahit and they were taken to the hills after mass arrivals in the area of devoutly Muslim Madurese in the 19th century. These immigrant Madurese were workers working for Dutch coffee plantation owners and the native Hindus in the region soon found themselves outnumbered and converted to Islam or fled to the tops of inhospitable mountain where they remain today.
Religion is the key quite low (certainly in comparison to Bali) with the most visible manifestation of the faith to the Temple of Poten quite austere in the sea of sand. The Tenggerese number approximately 600,000 and they reside in 30 villages scattered in and around the park with small communities in East Java.
For many visitors, in view of the Tenggerese before angle, dolores, moustache wrapped in blankets of similar poncho, trot on horses with steep mountains as a backdrop, is more like Peru than Indonesia!
If a landscape has never been necessary to demonstrate the desolate beauty meaning of the phrase, then this is without a doubt. Rugged, barren volcanic peaks, gravel Plains and the sea of sand. Really strange.
The Park also includes large areas which are very green and lush fed by the rivers of the high peaks. The Middle elevations are dressed with long thin forest before that this gives way to the barren plateau and peaks.
In parts of the Park which are of most interest to visitors (boiler and mountain tops) of flora and fauna is limited: a general lack of vegetation. In the lower elevations and the sea of sand are lush valleys green with a typical flora of the tropical forest. The higher elevations before the end of the tree line are in large measure dresses with forest casuarina (cemara).
Down in the valleys, a few Leopard cats are present, but seldom seen. Muntiacus, marbled cat, deer in Russian of Java and wild pigs are more likely to be seen by casual visitors among the mammals. This Park is not so known for bird watching as others in Java, but up in the plateau often see hawks and eagles on the upside on the valleys below.
Temperatures are refreshing cool during the day but entirely cold overnight temperatures can fall close to zero in the summer and are rarely far above 5 ° C in winter. Daytime temperatures in any place in the Park never exceed 20 ° C with low still normal adolescents.
It can rain at any time and the average precipitation 6,600 mm. The majority of which comes in the rainy season - November to March. During periods of heavy rains in January and February, many parts of the Park are inaccessible due to flooding. Landslides are a real problem these days.
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